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iCloud Backup
iCloud syncs and stores files in the cloud automatically.
What iCloud Backs Up
| Data | Setting |
|---|---|
| Desktop & Documents | System Settings > [Your Name] > iCloud > iCloud Drive > Sync this Mac |
| Photos | System Settings > [Your Name] > iCloud > Photos |
| Passwords | System Settings > [Your Name] > iCloud > Passwords & Keychain |
| Safari data | Automatic |
| Notes, Reminders, Contacts | Automatic |
| Automatic (if using iCloud Mail) |
iCloud Storage Plans
| Plan | Price |
|---|---|
| 5 GB | Free |
| 50 GB | $0.99/mo |
| 200 GB | $2.99/mo |
| 2 TB | $9.99/mo |
| 6 TB | $29.99/mo |
| 12 TB | $59.99/mo |
Recommendation: The 200 GB plan ($2.99/mo) covers most people. If you have extensive photo libraries, go with 2 TB.
Optimize Mac Storage
System Settings > [Your Name] > iCloud > iCloud Drive > Optimize Mac Storage
This keeps recent files on your Mac and moves older files to iCloud, freeing up local storage. Files show a cloud icon and download automatically when you open them.
What's NOT Backed Up
Be aware of gaps in your backup strategy:
| What | Solution |
|---|---|
| Apps not from App Store | Re-download from developer websites, or use Time Machine |
| Homebrew packages | Run brew bundle dump to save a list; restore with brew bundle |
| Git repositories | Push to GitHub/GitLab regularly |
| Virtual machines | Back up VM files separately (they're large) |
| External drives | Not included in Time Machine unless explicitly added |